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The State Capitol and many other historic buildings were constructed. Salt Lake began to assume its present character in the early 1900s. 'Great' had been dropped from the name in 1868. In 1896, Utah became the 45th state and the third to extend the vote to women. The Mormon Church officially ended the practice of polygamy. Some prosperous mine owners constructed large, gracious homes along South Temple, once known as Brigham Street. Gigantic smelters were later built to refine the ore. From the 1860s to the 1920s hundreds of copper, silver, gold, and lead mines were opened in the nearby canyons, including Bingham Canyon. Many people traveled by rail to see the 'City of the Saints.' Some stayed to make and to lose their fortunes in mining. Utah was thus connected to the East and West. In 1869, the transcontinental railroad was completed by the driving of the Golden Spike at Promontory Summit, some 80 miles northwest of Salt Lake City. Trade with these sojourners brought to the Mormons a measure of prosperity, although agriculture continued as the mainstay. soldiers were stationed here in the 1850s and during the Civil War. The California gold rush brought emigrants through Great Salt Lake City. The temple was built with granite blocks which, until a branch railroad line was run into Little Cottonwood Canyon, were individually hauled by ox and wagon from the canyon to the building site. Utah's state symbol is the beehive.Ĭonstruction on the Mormon temple began in 1853, but the capstone of this magnificent structure was not put into place until 1892. Deseret means honeybee, a symbol of industriousness. A treaty signed in 1848 ceded it to the United States, and in 1850, the 'State of Deseret' became the Utah Territory. When the Mormons first arrived in the valley the region was part of Mexico.

During the decade that followed they brought their culture, languages, and skills to the valley, building Salt Lake City into a cosmopolitan center. Many of the pioneers were European converts to Mormonism. In gratitude, the seagull was later designated Utah's state bird. Flocks of seagulls consumed the crickets and enough of the crop was saved to enable the settlers to survive the winter of 1848-49. But a late frost, drought, and a plague of crickets nearly destroyed the harvest. In 1848, more emigrants came to the valley. Out from the center of the city, now Temple Square, blocks were arranged on a grid pattern in 10-acre squares, separated by streets 132 feet wide - 'wide enough for a team of four oxen and a covered wagon to turn around.' Within a few days plans were drawn for Great Salt Lake City, named after the salty inland lake which dominated the desert to the west. On the very day of arrival the pioneers began tilling the soil and planting crops. When Brigham Young first saw the valley he said, 'This is the right place.'

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The Mormons came to the valley in search of a region where they could practice their religion, free from hostile mobs and persecution. The founding group numbered 148, consisting of 143 men, three women, and two children. (Mormons are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.) The pioneers, led by Brigham Young, were the first non-Indians to settle permanently in the Salt Lake Valley. Salt Lake City was founded on July 24, 1847, by a group of Mormon pioneers. The Ute Tribe, from which the state takes its name, and the Navajo Indians arrived later in this region. The ancient Pueblo People, also known as the Anasazi, built large communities in southern Utah from roughly the year 1 to 1300 AD. In ancient times Utah was inhabited by various Native American groups.